Thailand vs Indonesia: Where to Teach English

If you're dreaming of a teaching adventure in Southeast Asia, chances are Thailand and Indonesia are already on your radar. Both offer a fascinating blend of culture, natural beauty, and an eager demand for English education. Whether it’s the bustling cities and temples of Thailand or the island life and spiritual depth of Indonesia, each country promises an unforgettable chapter for those ready to step into the classroom abroad.

But teaching English isn’t just about the job—it’s about the lifestyle that comes with it. The daily rhythm of local life, the students you’ll meet, the visa processes, the cost of living, the community you build—it all shapes your experience. Thailand and Indonesia may seem similar from afar, but once you're on the ground, the differences can be striking.

From how schools operate and how easy it is to get started, to what kind of freedom you'll have outside of work, this guide explores how Thailand and Indonesia stack up for aspiring ESL teachers. If you're torn between these two destinations, you're not alone. Let’s dig into what sets them apart—and what they have in common—so you can find the place that matches your goals, values, and sense of adventure.

Teaching Requirements and Legal Eligibility

To teach English legally in both Thailand and Indonesia, you’ll need to meet some baseline requirements—but the specifics vary depending on where you go, what kind of school you work for, and how closely the employer follows the rules.

In Thailand, a bachelor’s degree in any field is officially required for a work permit. While it’s sometimes possible to find under-the-table jobs, especially in rural areas or small language centers, working legally is strongly advised. Most schools also expect a TEFL/TESOL certificate (typically 120 hours), although the government doesn’t explicitly require it. Native English speakers from the “Big 7” countries (US, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) are heavily favored, but non-native speakers can teach too—especially if they hold a high TOEIC or IELTS score. A criminal background check and basic health check are part of the process for securing a work permit.

In Indonesia, the path is slightly narrower. The government requires foreign teachers to have a bachelor’s degree—usually in English, Education, or a related field—and many schools also prefer at least two years of relevant teaching experience. You’ll also need a TEFL certificate, a clean criminal background check, and a valid work visa (KITAS), which schools must sponsor. Unlike Thailand, where informal work is more common, Indonesia has stricter enforcement—working without a visa is risky and can lead to deportation.

For non-native English speakers, Indonesia can be more restrictive. Schools and immigration authorities often favor passport holders from native-English-speaking countries, and it may be harder to secure a visa without strong credentials. In contrast, Thailand—while still favoring natives—has more pathways for qualified non-natives, especially in less competitive areas.

If you're early in your teaching journey or looking for a smoother entry into the ESL world, Thailand offers more flexibility. But if you're experienced and meet the formal requirements, Indonesia can offer stability and fewer gray zones around employment.

Quick Recap:

• Thailand: More accessible for new teachers, including non-natives; easier to find informal work (though not always legal); degree and TEFL usually required.
• Indonesia: Stricter visa and documentation requirements; favors experienced and formally qualified teachers; less tolerance for informal teaching arrangements.

Job Market and Hiring Landscape

Teaching jobs are widely available in both Thailand and Indonesia, but the way the market is structured—and how easy it is to break in—can vary quite a bit. In Thailand, teaching positions are spread throughout the country, from bustling cities like Bangkok and Chiang Mai to coastal towns and rural provinces. Language schools, public schools, and private institutions all hire foreign teachers, and many positions are found through local networking once you're on the ground. There's a strong on-the-ground hiring culture, especially outside major cities, though it's increasingly common to secure jobs online before arriving.

In contrast, Indonesia’s job market is more centralized. The bulk of positions for foreign teachers are found in and around Jakarta, with a smaller cluster in cities like Surabaya, Bali, and Yogyakarta. Private language schools—especially franchises like EF (English First)—dominate the market and often recruit internationally, offering more structured contracts. Public and private K-12 schools exist but are less likely to hire foreigners unless they’re international or bilingual institutions.

Hiring cycles also differ. Thailand has clear seasonal peaks, with most hiring happening in March–May and again in October for the new school terms. In Indonesia, hiring is more consistent year-round, particularly for language centers.

Compare:

• Thailand: Large, decentralized job market; easy to find jobs on the ground; strong demand in cities and rural areas alike; public schools and private institutions hire heavily around school year start dates.
• Indonesia: More centralized hiring; most jobs in Jakarta and urban hubs; language centers dominate; hiring is more stable throughout the year but more formalized in application process.

Salary and Benefits

When it comes to salary, Thailand offers a wider range depending on the type of school and location. Public schools and small private institutions often pay modestly—between $700 to $1,500 USD per month—while international schools and some private schools in Bangkok and Phuket can offer $2,000–$4,000 USD with full benefits. Perks may include paid holidays, housing assistance, and bonuses, though these are more common in higher-end roles.

Indonesia, on the other hand, tends to offer more consistency across the board. Language schools like EF typically pay $1,000–$1,500 USD per month. Some international schools offer $2,000+ salaries, but these positions are more selective. Benefits are more standardized in Indonesia’s larger organizations, often including housing allowances, airfare, and health insurance. However, there’s less variability—and therefore fewer high-paying opportunities—outside the main urban areas.

Both countries offer chances to supplement income through private tutoring or online teaching. In Thailand, this is easier thanks to a higher demand for freelance tutoring and fewer restrictions on side gigs. In Indonesia, formal contracts may limit outside work, though private tutoring is still an option if done discreetly.

As for savings potential, it depends heavily on lifestyle. Teachers in both countries can save modest amounts with good budgeting, but Thailand typically offers more upside in high-paying roles or dual-income households.

Compare:

• Thailand: More variability in pay; opportunities to earn well at international schools or with private tutoring; benefits vary by school.
• Indonesia: Stable salaries with formal benefits; strong support from language centers; fewer opportunities to significantly boost income unless teaching at top-tier schools.

Cost of Living

Living costs in both Thailand and Indonesia are low by Western standards, but there are key differences in affordability, comfort, and consistency.

In Thailand, living costs can vary widely depending on your location. Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai offer modern amenities, reliable infrastructure, and a range of housing—from simple apartments to high-end condos. Rent for a basic one-bedroom apartment can range from $250–$600 USD, while utilities and internet remain inexpensive. Street food is plentiful and cheap, and transportation (motorbike, metro, buses) is efficient and budget-friendly. Thailand is ideal for teachers who want to live comfortably on a modest income without sacrificing lifestyle.

In Indonesia, your money can stretch even further—especially outside Jakarta and Bali. A teacher living in Surabaya, Yogyakarta, or a smaller city can easily rent a decent apartment for $150–$300 USD per month. Local food is incredibly cheap, public transport is limited but affordable, and daily expenses are very low. However, access to Western comforts can be patchy depending on where you live, and Jakarta’s traffic and cost of living are creeping upward.

Currency stability is another consideration. The Thai baht has historically been more stable than the Indonesian rupiah, which can affect long-term budgeting if you're saving in local currency.

Compare:

• Thailand: Moderate costs with strong infrastructure; affordable housing and food; good quality of life on a teacher's salary.
• Indonesia: Extremely low living costs outside major cities; best for minimalist lifestyles and strong savers; fewer Western conveniences in rural areas.

Lifestyle and Cultural Immersion

Thailand and Indonesia both offer rich, immersive cultural experiences—but in very different flavors.

Thailand is welcoming, social, and easy to navigate as a foreigner. While the Thai language has a unique script and tones, many locals speak some English, especially in tourist areas. Buddhism influences daily life, from temple visits to public holidays, but the atmosphere is relaxed. Expats can enjoy a high level of independence, a vibrant social life, and easy access to nature, nightlife, and cultural events. Whether you're taking weekend trips to tropical islands or joining local festivals, there's always something to explore.

Indonesia, with its hundreds of islands and ethnic groups, is more culturally layered. While Bahasa Indonesia is relatively easy to learn, English is less widely spoken outside Jakarta and Bali. Religion—primarily Islam—plays a major role in everyday life, especially in terms of dress codes, public behavior, and holiday observances. That said, communities are deeply welcoming, and foreign teachers are often embraced with warmth and curiosity. You'll find expat hubs in Jakarta, Bali, and Yogyakarta, but living outside them offers a chance to dive into an even more authentic experience.

Compare:

• Thailand: Friendly and foreigner-friendly; Buddhist influence; great for socializing, travel, and personal freedom.
• Indonesia: Culturally deep and diverse; strong religious customs; warm communities and potential for deep integration.

Teaching Environment and Classroom Culture

Your experience in the classroom can shape your entire teaching journey, and the differences between Thailand and Indonesia are subtle but meaningful.

In Thailand, most teachers work in government schools, private bilingual schools, or language centers. Class sizes can range from 25 to over 50 students, especially in public schools. The classroom environment tends to be respectful, though students can be shy or playful depending on the school culture. You’ll often follow a set curriculum, with varying degrees of autonomy depending on the institution. International schools and some private programs are more structured and well-resourced, while rural placements may require more improvisation.

Indonesia presents a broader spectrum. Language centers and international schools are common employers, but so are Islamic schools and NGOs. Teaching conditions vary widely—class sizes can be small or large, and resources may range from abundant to almost nonexistent. Students are usually eager and polite, though not always confident speaking English. You may have more freedom in how you teach, but also less professional support or clear expectations. Patience and adaptability go a long way.

In both countries, parent expectations can vary. In Thailand, parents often expect discipline and visible progress. In Indonesia, especially in more traditional or religious settings, teachers are also seen as role models, and respect for authority runs deep.

Compare:

• Thailand: Structured classrooms, wide variation in resources, often larger class sizes; clearer expectations and curriculum.
• Indonesia: Flexible environments, broader variety of schools, more creative freedom but less institutional support.

Long-Term Living and Career Prospects

Thinking beyond the first contract? Both countries offer different pathways for building a life abroad—but with different degrees of clarity and opportunity.

Thailand has a relatively well-defined visa process for teachers. The Non-B visa and work permit system is bureaucratic but manageable, and many schools help with renewals. While permanent residency is rare, long-term living through repeated visa renewals or switching to marriage, education, or retirement visas is common. Thailand also has a thriving digital nomad and entrepreneurial scene, especially in Chiang Mai, Bangkok, and Phuket. The healthcare system is excellent by regional standards, and private insurance is affordable.

Indonesia, while more flexible on the surface, tends to have stricter limits on visa renewals and job-switching. Most teachers stay on KITAS-sponsored work permits tied to a single employer. While long-term residency is possible, the process is less straightforward and rarely prioritized by short-term expats. However, those who stay long enough or build strong local ties often find a deep sense of belonging, particularly outside Jakarta and Bali. Remote work is increasingly common, especially in Bali, though the legal frameworks are still evolving.

For families, both countries are relatively safe, with Thailand offering more robust healthcare, international schools, and lifestyle conveniences. Indonesia provides a slower, more grounded pace of life, which many long-term expats find fulfilling—especially in smaller communities.

Compare:

• Thailand: Easier long-term stay via visa renewals or alternative routes; better infrastructure for digital nomads and families.
• Indonesia: Less clear visa pathways but a slower, community-driven lifestyle; deeper cultural integration for those who stay.

Which Country Is Right for You?

Here’s a quick side-by-side breakdown of what to expect when teaching in Thailand vs Indonesia:

You might prefer Thailand if:

• You want a clearer visa process with institutional support
• You value a mix of structure and lifestyle freedom
• You’re looking for expat hubs, quality healthcare, and ease of travel
• You enjoy Thai cuisine, festivals, and tropical destinations

You might prefer Indonesia if:

• You’re seeking a deeper cultural immersion or rural lifestyle
• You value creative freedom in the classroom
• You want ultra-affordable living costs and don’t mind informal systems
• You’re interested in exploring island life beyond the tourist trail

Whether you’re looking for structure and modern convenience or authenticity and off-the-beaten-path adventures, both Thailand and Indonesia offer incredible opportunities to live and teach abroad.

👉 Explore more:

• Teach English in Thailand
• Teach English in Indonesia