Vietnam vs China: Where to Teach English

Looking to teach English in Asia but can’t decide between Vietnam and China? These two countries are among the most popular destinations for ESL teachers—and for good reason. Both offer high demand for English instruction, diverse teaching opportunities, and a gateway to rich cultural experiences. But your day-to-day life, salary, visa process, and classroom experience will look very different depending on which country you choose.

This in-depth comparison will walk you through everything you need to know to make the right choice for your goals, lifestyle, and values.

Teaching Requirements and Eligibility

Getting hired as an English teacher in either Vietnam or China involves ticking a few legal and professional boxes—but how strict those requirements are depends on where you go.

In China, the rules are clearer and more standardized nationwide. To legally work as an English teacher, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree, a 120-hour TEFL certificate, a clean criminal background check, a health exam, and—most critically—a passport from one of seven recognized native English-speaking countries. This native-speaker requirement is strictly enforced for English teaching roles, though non-native speakers may still qualify for other positions like subject teaching or academic support. The visa process, known as the Z visa, can be lengthy and paperwork-heavy, but it’s very doable if you're organized or working with a good recruiter.

In Vietnam, there’s more flexibility. A bachelor’s degree and 120-hour TEFL certificate are still required for a legal work permit, but schools are often more open to non-native English speakers—especially if you have a strong accent, an English-related degree, or solid teaching experience. In some cases, teachers without a degree can still find work if they have 5+ years of classroom experience, although it’s not the norm. The work permit process is a bit more relaxed than China’s, though it still involves a health check, background screening, and support from your employer.

Age is another important factor. China has formal retirement-age restrictions—generally under 60 for men and 55 for women—whereas Vietnam tends to be more flexible, particularly for private language centers.

If you're early in your TEFL journey and hoping to get your foot in the door, Vietnam may offer a softer landing. But if you're looking for a more structured system with clearer legal pathways and strong institutional support, China delivers.

Key Takeaways:

• Degree required in both countries (exceptions for Vietnam with extensive experience)
• TEFL certification mandatory in both (120+ hours)
• China enforces native-speaker rules strictly, while Vietnam is more open
• Health checks and background clearance required in both
• China has formal age limits, Vietnam is more flexible

Job Market and Hiring Demand

China and Vietnam both offer strong demand for English teachers, but the size, scope, and structure of the job market vary significantly.

China is one of the largest ESL markets in the world. From megacities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen to second- and third-tier cities like Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Nanjing, English teaching opportunities are available nearly everywhere. The sheer scale of China’s population—and the government’s emphasis on English education—means there’s a constant need for teachers across all age groups and academic levels. You’ll find roles in public schools, private kindergartens, training centers, boarding schools, international schools, and universities. Many of these jobs are filled year-round, though public schools and programs like the government-sponsored ones tend to recruit for September and March starts.

Vietnam has a much smaller market in comparison, but it’s growing fast. The majority of ESL jobs are concentrated in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, with a smaller cluster of opportunities in cities like Da Nang and Can Tho. Most positions are in private language centers, which offer after-school and weekend classes for kids and adults. Public school jobs also exist—sometimes through government-backed programs or private partnerships—but they’re less common and often require local connections or advance arrangements. Vietnam’s hiring tends to happen year-round, especially for language centers, making it easier to jump in at any time.

In short, if you want the most choices, a wider variety of teaching settings, and upward mobility, China offers scale and depth. If you’re looking for more flexibility and want to land a job relatively quickly, Vietnam offers a more relaxed, high-demand entry point, especially in urban centers.

Key Takeaways:

• China has a massive ESL market with opportunities in cities of all sizes
• Vietnam is concentrated in major urban hubs but offers steady demand
• Public, private, international, and university roles are more diverse in China
• Language centers dominate in Vietnam, especially for first-time teachers
• Hiring is year-round in Vietnam, but China has more defined school-year intakes

English Teacher Salaries and Benefits

Salaries for English teachers vary widely in both countries depending on your qualifications, experience, and the type of institution where you work—but overall, China offers higher earning potential, while Vietnam offers better value for money.

In China, entry-level salaries at private training centers typically range from $1,500–$2,500 USD/month (10,000–18,000 RMB), while international schools and top-tier private institutions can pay upwards of $3,000–$4,500 USD/month (20,000–30,000+ RMB), especially if you have a teaching license and experience. Benefits are often generous, including free or subsidized housing, flight reimbursement, health insurance, paid holidays, and end-of-contract bonuses. The cost of living can vary greatly between cities, but teachers in second- and third-tier cities often save more due to lower expenses.

In Vietnam, salaries tend to fall between $1,200–$2,000 USD/month (28–48 million VND), with some experienced teachers earning more, especially at international schools. Housing is usually not included, but because rent is so cheap (especially outside central districts), this isn’t a dealbreaker. Paid vacation and national holidays are provided by most reputable employers, but bonuses and insurance support are less common unless you’re in a full-time role. The key advantage in Vietnam is cost of living: you can live well and even save modestly on a lower salary thanks to low rent, cheap food, and minimal transport costs.

If you're chasing high pay and benefits, China takes the lead. But if you're aiming for lifestyle, value, and lower pressure, Vietnam is a very comfortable and rewarding option.

Key Takeaways:

• China pays more, especially in international schools or major cities
• Vietnam offers modest salaries, but with a much lower cost of living
• Housing and bonuses are more common in China
• Vietnam’s pay is often hourly, with flexibility and good work-life balance

Cost of Living Comparison

One of the biggest perks of teaching in Asia is being able to live well without spending a fortune—and both Vietnam and China deliver on that front, though in slightly different ways.

Vietnam is known for its affordability. Rent in cities like Ho Chi Minh City or Hanoi can be as low as $250–$400 USD/month for a comfortable studio or one-bedroom apartment, and even less in smaller cities. Utilities rarely exceed $50 USD/month, and eating out is so inexpensive that many teachers rarely cook. A bowl of pho might cost $1.50, while a mid-range meal for two can run around $10–$15 USD. Transport is cheap and easy, with Grab bikes and taxis dominating urban areas, and monthly living costs for a single person can often stay under $800–$1,200 USD, depending on lifestyle. Even families can get by comfortably on modest incomes if they avoid international school tuition.

China’s cost of living is more variable. In top-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai, rent can range from $500 to $1,500 USD/month, depending on location and apartment quality. Utilities, food, and transport are generally affordable—metro rides are around $0.50–$1, and you can eat well on a local budget. Teachers in smaller or mid-sized cities often enjoy significantly lower costs with similar salaries, allowing for better savings. While it’s easy to spend more in China’s luxury malls and trendy cafés, it's also possible to live very affordably by sticking to local services and meals.

In short, Vietnam wins on affordability and ease of budgeting, while China offers a wider range of lifestyle options depending on how much you want to spend.

Key Takeaways:

• Vietnam: Low rent, cheap food, and minimal transport costs
• China: Varies widely by city; affordable in lower tiers, pricier in megacities
• Monthly estimates: ~$800–$1,200 in Vietnam vs. $1,000–$1,800 in China (single teacher)
• Both countries offer excellent value, especially compared to Western living costs

Lifestyle and Daily Life

Beyond the classroom, your experience teaching abroad is shaped by the everyday rhythms of local life—and here, Vietnam and China offer very different vibes.

Vietnam is relaxed, friendly, and built around community. The pace of life is slower, and even in busy cities like HCMC, there’s a laid-back rhythm to the day. Teachers often enjoy a strong work-life balance, with evenings free for socializing, language exchange meetups, or winding down in a streetside café. Food culture is central—there’s always something sizzling on the sidewalk, and meals are a shared experience. Expat communities are tight-knit and easy to plug into, especially in major cities. While traffic can be chaotic, getting around is cheap and quick via motorbike or Grab.

China, by contrast, feels more modern and structured—especially in tier-1 cities. Life moves faster, with denser populations, more polished infrastructure, and higher expectations in both work and daily routines. Public transport is excellent, with vast subway systems and high-speed trains connecting cities in a flash. There’s no shortage of shopping malls, coworking spaces, or gyms, and you’ll find plenty of international restaurants alongside incredible local cuisine. Expat life can feel more fragmented at times, depending on your city, but the sheer scale of China means there’s always something new to explore.

If you thrive on energy, options, and rapid development, China offers a full-throttle urban experience. If you’re after warmth, simplicity, and day-to-day ease, Vietnam delivers a more relaxed and social lifestyle.

Key Takeaways:

• Vietnam: Laid-back, easygoing, with strong café and food culture
• China: Fast-paced, modern, with polished infrastructure and endless options
• Vietnam favors balance and connection, China rewards ambition and scale
• Both offer great food, affordable healthcare, and active expat networks

Classroom Experience

The teaching experience in Vietnam and China differs not just in formality but in how the classroom feels day-to-day.

Vietnamese classrooms tend to be more relaxed. Class sizes are usually smaller, especially in private language centers or public schools partnered with international programs. Students are generally respectful and eager to learn, but the atmosphere is often informal and interactive. You’ll have more freedom in how you structure your lessons, and many schools provide basic materials but expect you to bring creativity and adaptability. This setting is especially welcoming for newer teachers or those who enjoy a lighter, more flexible teaching style.

In China, classrooms are more structured, particularly in public schools and kindergartens. Class sizes can be large—30 to 50 students isn’t uncommon—and students face more academic pressure, which translates to higher expectations from teachers. You’re often expected to follow a set curriculum, especially in government schools, though international schools and training centers offer more autonomy. Teaching resources are typically more comprehensive, and schools may have clear performance goals and administrative expectations.

If you prefer a more laid-back, adaptable classroom environment, Vietnam might suit your teaching style. If you enjoy clear structure, accountability, and working within a well-defined system, China’s classrooms offer more formal rigor and support.

Key Takeaways:

• Vietnam: Small class sizes, relaxed atmosphere, flexible teaching
• China: Larger classes, high expectations, structured curriculum
• Vietnam suits creative or beginner teachers, China suits career-minded educators

Cultural Fit and Immersion

Your ability to thrive abroad often depends on how easily you connect with the local culture—and here, the contrast between Vietnam and China becomes clear.

Vietnam is known for its friendliness and openness. Locals are generally warm, curious about foreigners, and happy to chat, even if language barriers exist. While English isn’t widely spoken in smaller towns, people often go out of their way to help. The culture is community-focused and informal, which makes it easier to build friendships and settle in. Learning basic Vietnamese is doable and goes a long way, though not required in most teaching jobs.

China, on the other hand, can feel more formal and hierarchical. Respect for authority, age, and tradition shapes everyday interactions, especially in the workplace. Locals are welcoming, but cultural differences in communication styles and social expectations can take time to navigate. While English is common in big cities, Mandarin is essential for deeper integration. Learning the language is challenging but deeply rewarding, and opens up far more meaningful experiences.

In short, Vietnam offers quick social immersion and personal warmth, while China offers depth and scale—with more effort required to fully integrate.

Key Takeaways:

• Vietnam: Warm, informal, community-oriented, easier social adaptation
• China: Formal, traditional, deeper but slower cultural immersion
• Vietnam is ideal for casual immersion, China is ideal for deeper cultural exploration

Visa Process and Bureaucracy

Getting your paperwork in order is a big part of teaching abroad—and how smooth (or stressful) that process is can vary widely between Vietnam and China.

In China, the Z visa is the official work visa for foreign teachers, and the process is quite standardized—but also quite bureaucratic. You’ll need to gather a stack of authenticated documents: your degree, TEFL certificate, criminal background check, medical report, and often a contract before even applying for the visa. Once in China, there’s another round of paperwork to convert your visa into a residence permit. If you're working with a reputable school or recruiter, this process is manageable, but it requires planning, patience, and careful attention to detail.

In Vietnam, the process is more relaxed—but sometimes messier. While you technically need a work permit and temporary residence card to work legally, enforcement can be inconsistent. Some schools assist with the entire process and even pay the costs, while others leave it largely up to the teacher. Requirements may change from city to city, and what’s accepted in Hanoi might not fly in Da Nang. You'll still need a health check and background clearance, but there's often more flexibility with how and when it all gets done.

In short: China offers structure and clarity—if you’re organized, while Vietnam offers flexibility—but demands personal responsibility and school vetting.

Key Takeaways:

• China: Standardized Z visa process, but requires notarized documents and strict compliance
• Vietnam: Looser enforcement and quicker processing, but more variation between employers
• China rewards organization, Vietnam rewards adaptability

Long-Term Potential

If you’re thinking beyond a one-year contract, both Vietnam and China offer paths to build a longer-term life—but the nature of that path is quite different.

China offers strong career growth for those who want to move up. Many teachers transition from language centers into better-paying roles at international schools or universities, or into curriculum development, academic management, or even recruiting. However, staying long-term in China can be tricky. The visa system isn’t geared toward permanent residency, and your ability to remain usually depends on your employment contract. While some foreigners have stayed in China for a decade or more, it often involves renewing paperwork each year and maintaining strong employer relationships.

Vietnam, by contrast, offers a more laid-back path to longevity. While career advancement isn’t as clear-cut, it’s very possible to stay for years—whether teaching full-time, freelancing, or combining classroom work with online teaching or other remote work. The Vietnamese government is relatively tolerant of expats, especially those who are self-supporting. Some teachers eventually open businesses, marry locally, or find creative ways to integrate. Residency is still difficult, but the enforcement of visa rules is often less strict compared to China.

If you're building a career in education, China offers more structured growth, while Vietnam makes it easier to carve out a sustainable lifestyle long-term—even if you're blending teaching with other pursuits.

Key Takeaways:

• China: Strong career paths, limited long-term residency options
• Vietnam: Flexible lifestyle, better for long-term living and side hustles
• China suits upward mobility, Vietnam suits independent, lifestyle-driven teachers

Which Country Is Right for You?

You might thrive in China if…

• You want a high salary and don't mind stricter requirements
• You prefer structured environments and modern infrastructure
• You’re interested in large cities, career progression, or saving money quickly

You might thrive in Vietnam if…

• You value work-life balance and community over hustle
• You’re just getting started and want easier entry
• You want a relaxed lifestyle, great food, and strong expat social life

Final Thoughts:
Both China and Vietnam are excellent choices for teaching English abroad, but they offer very different experiences. China attracts those who want scale, salary, and advancement. Vietnam appeals to those who prioritize lifestyle, community, and flexibility. Think about your goals—whether it’s saving, exploring, or building a long-term life abroad—and choose the path that fits your vision best.

📚 Dive deeper with our country-specific guides:

• Teach English in China
• Teach English in Vietnam