Japan vs Cambodia: Where to Teach English

Looking to teach English abroad and torn between Japan and Cambodia? These two countries offer radically different lifestyles, work environments, and teaching opportunities. Japan blends structure, stability, and high-tech urban living, while Cambodia offers flexibility, affordability, and a more relaxed pace of life.

In Japan, you’ll find a deep-rooted respect for education, punctual trains, and a society that values order and efficiency. It’s a country where contracts are clear, schools are well-resourced, and the day-to-day experience is highly organized. Teaching here often means being part of a team, following set curricula, and enjoying the perks of a modern, developed country—with just the right amount of culture shock.

Cambodia, by contrast, is far more laid-back. The lifestyle is slower, the requirements are lighter, and the possibilities are more fluid. Teachers often have more freedom in the classroom, more wiggle room in their schedules, and a stronger sense of grassroots community. While the pay is lower, the cost of living is low enough that you can still live comfortably—and the warmth of the people and pace of life can be a breath of fresh air for those burned out by rigid systems.

Whether you're drawn to Japan’s order or Cambodia’s freedom, this guide will walk you through all the key differences—so you can decide which destination fits your goals, personality, and teaching style.

Teaching Requirements and Eligibility

Before you can step into a classroom, you’ll need to meet each country’s minimum teaching requirements—and this is where the paths start to diverge.

In Japan, teaching English almost always requires a bachelor’s degree in any field, as it’s a baseline requirement for obtaining the proper work visa. Most schools also prefer native speakers from recognized English-speaking countries, and while TEFL certification isn’t legally required, it’s often expected. Programs like JET or dispatch companies such as Interac may also have their own additional requirements, such as a clean background check, a health check, and a minimum age of 21.

Cambodia, on the other hand, is one of the most accessible countries in Asia for new teachers. A degree is preferred but not essential at many private language centers, especially if you have a TEFL certificate. Non-native speakers with strong English skills can also find opportunities more easily here than in Japan. Cambodia’s lack of rigid visa-based restrictions makes it a natural entry point for adventurous teachers without a traditional academic background or formal experience.

Compare:

• Japan: Structured entry with strict visa rules requiring a degree; strong preference for native speakers; background checks and health exams often mandatory.
• Cambodia: Flexible entry, especially for TEFL-certified teachers; no degree required at many schools; non-natives welcome; fewer formalities to get started.

Job Market and Opportunities

Japan has one of the most developed ESL job markets in the world, with a steady demand for teachers across public schools, private language academies (eikaiwa), international schools, and corporate training centers. The government-backed JET Programme remains one of the most well-known routes into public schools, while dispatch companies and private chains like AEON and Berlitz offer placements in cities and suburbs alike. Job openings tend to follow a strict hiring cycle, often with spring and autumn start dates, and interviews are typically conducted months in advance.

Cambodia’s ESL scene is much more informal but steadily growing. Most opportunities are in private language centers, though NGOs, public schools, and small international schools also hire. Phnom Penh and Siem Reap are the biggest job hubs, but there’s rising demand in secondary cities like Battambang and Kampot. Unlike Japan, Cambodia doesn’t have rigid hiring seasons—you can find a job almost any time of year, and interviews are often casual or even done in person on arrival.

While Japan’s system offers more stability and a clearer career ladder, Cambodia’s flexibility appeals to those who value freedom, spontaneity, or want to test the waters before committing long term.

Compare:

• Japan: A well-organized and high-volume job market with established institutions and formal hiring cycles. Ideal for long-term planners and structured professionals.
• Cambodia: A relaxed, accessible job scene where you can often find work quickly, even without prior experience. Great for flexible, independent types.

Salaries and Benefits

In Japan, ESL salaries are among the highest in Asia—typically ranging from $2,000 to $3,000 USD per month depending on experience and job type. International schools and university positions can pay significantly more. Benefits like free housing or generous housing stipends, reimbursed flights, healthcare, and paid vacation (10–20 days on average) are common, especially through government programs or reputable employers. That said, Japan’s work culture can be demanding, with long hours, high expectations, and limited room for improvisation.

Cambodia offers much lower pay—usually between $800 and $1,500 USD per month—but your money goes a lot further. Rent, food, and entertainment are all incredibly affordable, so many teachers live well while saving modestly or funding travel. Some schools provide basic health coverage or bonuses, but benefits are limited compared to Japan. On the upside, teachers often enjoy lighter workloads, flexible hours, and far more autonomy.

Compare:

• Japan: Higher salaries and solid benefits but often tied to a more intense work culture with longer hours.
• Cambodia: Modest pay but affordable living; fewer perks, but more personal freedom and relaxed expectations.

Cost of Living

Japan isn’t cheap—but it’s not as expensive as many expect, especially outside major cities like Tokyo or Osaka. Rent in smaller cities or suburban areas can be surprisingly reasonable, especially if housing is provided or subsidized. Groceries, public transport, and healthcare are high quality but come at a price. A typical monthly budget for a single teacher might range from $1,500 to $2,200 USD, depending on lifestyle and location. That said, Japan’s efficient infrastructure and access to conveniences can make daily life smooth and comfortable.

Cambodia is one of the most affordable countries in Asia. Rent for a decent apartment in Phnom Penh or Siem Reap can be as low as $200–$400 USD, utilities are minimal, and you can eat out for just a few dollars a day. Motorbikes or tuk-tuks are the main forms of transport and cost very little. A frugal teacher can live well on $700–$1,000 USD per month, and even splurge occasionally without stress. This low cost of living makes Cambodia ideal for teachers who want financial breathing room or to extend their stay without burning through savings.

Compare:

• Japan: Higher cost of living, but with strong infrastructure and lifestyle perks. Still manageable, especially with a housing stipend.
• Cambodia: Extremely low daily costs, perfect for budget-minded travelers or teachers looking to live comfortably on a modest income.

Work Environment and Daily Life

In Japan, the classroom environment is formal and disciplined. Teachers are expected to dress professionally, arrive punctually, and follow a structured curriculum. Students are generally respectful, though sometimes shy, and the emphasis on group harmony can limit classroom spontaneity. You’ll likely work in a team or under a head teacher, and administrative tasks like lesson reports or event participation are common. While the system is supportive, it can feel rigid at times—especially if you're not used to hierarchical workplaces.

Cambodia offers the opposite vibe: casual, flexible, and often improvised. Schools may have loose curriculums (or none at all), and you're often trusted to design your own lessons. Dress codes exist but tend to be relaxed, and classroom behavior varies widely by institution and age group. Some teachers love the freedom; others find the lack of structure challenging. Support systems may be minimal, so adaptability is key—but the payoff is a work environment with far less stress.

Compare:

• Japan: Structured, reliable, and respectful—great for those who thrive in orderly systems.
• Cambodia: Informal, laid-back, and hands-off—ideal for teachers who prefer freedom over formality.

Lifestyle and Cultural Experience

Japan offers one of the safest, cleanest, and most convenient lifestyles in the world. Everything works: trains run on time, streets are spotless, and daily errands—from paying bills to ordering lunch—often feel seamless once you get the hang of it. That said, the language barrier can be steep, especially outside big cities. While English is taught in schools, day-to-day interactions often require basic Japanese. Still, Japan has strong expat hubs in cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka, where you’ll find international restaurants, clubs, and social events that make it easier to feel at home.

Cambodia is more chaotic, but also more relaxed. Things don’t always run on time, and infrastructure can be hit-or-miss—but many expats find this unpredictability freeing. English is widely spoken in cities and tourist hubs, making daily life relatively accessible, even without Khmer language skills. There’s a strong community vibe among foreigners, especially in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Kampot, where teachers, digital nomads, and volunteers gather in laid-back cafés and riverside bars.

Compare:

• Japan: Sleek, safe, and highly efficient—but with a steeper learning curve for integration.
• Cambodia: Easy-going, affordable, and expat-friendly—but less polished and more unpredictable.

Travel and Leisure

In Japan, travel is a cultural experience in itself. Bullet trains whisk you across the country to hot springs in the mountains, centuries-old temples, or neon-soaked nightlife districts. Domestic travel is easy and rewarding, with four distinct seasons and a culture that celebrates everything from cherry blossoms to snow festivals. Public holidays and long weekends give you chances to explore without ever leaving the country—and for those who do, South Korea, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia are just a short flight away.

Cambodia’s slower pace makes travel a breeze. It’s easy to hop on a bus to the beach, take a short flight to Thailand or Vietnam, or escape to rural villages and temples on your days off. Angkor Wat, the Mekong River, and tropical islands like Koh Rong are all popular weekend getaways. While domestic transport is less organized, the country's compact size and cheap travel options make it easy to experience a lot on a small budget.

Compare:

• Japan: Incredibly diverse domestic travel options, fast and reliable transport, seasonal charm.
• Cambodia: Great regional access, laid-back travel vibe, low-cost adventures around Southeast Asia.

Visa Process and Bureaucracy

Japan’s immigration process is highly organized, but expect plenty of paperwork. To secure a work visa, you'll need a bachelor's degree and an employer willing to sponsor you. Most teachers enter on a Specialist in Humanities visa, which typically lasts one year but is renewable with continued employment. The process includes background checks, document authentication, and coordination between schools and immigration offices. While the system is strict, it’s also clear and predictable—if you meet the criteria, your visa will likely be approved without issue.

Cambodia, on the other hand, has one of the most relaxed visa systems in Asia. Most teachers arrive on an e-class ordinary visa, which can be extended into a 6- or 12-month stay with a simple visit to a visa agent. Work permits are technically required but often overlooked in practice, especially for part-time or freelance teachers. While this lax approach makes it easy to enter and stay, it also means the rules can change suddenly, and legal clarity isn’t always guaranteed.

Compare:

• Japan: Structured and reliable, but with a higher barrier to entry.
• Cambodia: Flexible and hassle-free, but sometimes murky and inconsistent.

Long-Term Prospects

In Japan, teachers who stick around can work their way up—especially in international schools or university positions. With the right qualifications (like a teaching license or advanced degree), it’s possible to transition into curriculum development, teacher training, or academic admin roles. That said, Japan’s strict immigration rules make permanent residency or long-term freelancing difficult without employer sponsorship or a local spouse.

Cambodia is far more welcoming to long-term foreigners, with many expats settling down for years without much red tape. There are fewer formal career ladders, but plenty of room to pivot—whether that’s starting a business, freelancing, or moving into NGO work. The low cost of living and relaxed lifestyle also make it a popular base for remote workers and digital nomads.

Compare:

• Japan: Clear career paths in education, but stricter residency options.
• Cambodia: Fewer traditional ladders, but easier to stay and diversify your work or lifestyle.

Which Country Is Right for You?

You might thrive in Japan if…

• You want a structured, stable job with good pay
• You’re intrigued by Japanese culture and urban life
• You value a professional teaching environment and clear expectations

You might thrive in Cambodia if…

• You want to start teaching with minimal barriers
• You enjoy a flexible lifestyle and strong expat community
• You’re seeking adventure, affordability, and cultural diversity

Final Thoughts:
Choosing between Japan and Cambodia comes down to your personal goals and comfort zones. Japan offers a sleek, organized experience ideal for those seeking career growth and cultural immersion in a modern setting. Cambodia, on the other hand, offers freedom, affordability, and the chance to explore teaching in a less conventional but equally rewarding environment.

🔗 Dive deeper into each country:

• Teach English in Japan
• Teach English in Cambodia