Japan vs South Korea: Where to Teach English

Torn between teaching in Japan or South Korea? These two cultural powerhouses are among the most popular destinations for aspiring English teachers, but they offer distinctly different experiences in and out of the classroom. Both countries promise adventure, cultural immersion, and meaningful work—but the day-to-day realities, visa rules, and classroom expectations vary more than you might expect.

Whether you picture yourself sipping matcha under cherry blossoms or singing K-pop at a noraebang after class, your choice could shape everything from your social life to your savings potential. If you're looking to not just teach but also explore, grow, and make a life abroad, getting clear on the differences between Japan and South Korea is essential.

Entry Requirements and Eligibility

Both Japan and South Korea require a bachelor’s degree to legally work as an English teacher, but they differ in how strict they are about who qualifies and what credentials give you an edge.

In Japan, things are a little more flexible. You’ll need a bachelor’s degree in any subject to qualify for a work visa, and while being a native English speaker is preferred, it’s not mandatory. Teachers from a wider variety of backgrounds—career changers, non-native speakers with strong English proficiency, and even those with no prior teaching experience—often find opportunities here. A TEFL certificate (120 hours or more) is not legally required, but it’s a big advantage when applying to private language schools or competitive programs like JET.

In South Korea, the rules are more defined. To qualify for an E-2 teaching visa, you must hold a passport from one of seven native English-speaking countries: the U.S., Canada, U.K., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, or South Africa. A bachelor’s degree is also required, and unlike Japan, this is strictly enforced. A clean national criminal background check and a health screening are mandatory for all foreign teachers. TEFL certification isn’t required for the visa itself, but most employers—especially in public schools—expect it. Programs like EPIK may even offer salary bonuses for teachers with TEFL training.

Both countries have an age minimum of 21 and expect you to be mentally and physically healthy. A sincere interest in the local culture goes a long way in interviews, even if it’s not listed as a formal requirement.

Key Comparison:

• Japan is slightly more flexible toward non-native speakers and career changers
• South Korea restricts E-2 visas to 7 English-speaking countries but offers a more streamlined path

Job Market and Teaching Programs

The teaching job landscape in Japan and South Korea offers plenty of options—but the structure and pace of hiring are quite different.

In Japan, one of the most well-known options is the JET Programme, a government-sponsored initiative that places teachers in public schools as Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs). It’s competitive, with a long application timeline and interviews often held months in advance, but it comes with strong support, solid pay, and excellent cultural immersion. Beyond JET, public schools also hire through dispatch companies like Interac, which offer more flexibility and quicker placements—though often with slightly lower pay and fewer benefits.

Private language schools, known as eikaiwas, are another major employer in Japan. These offer a mix of schedules (including evenings and weekends), smaller class sizes, and a chance to work with learners of all ages. Eikaiwas hire year-round and are ideal for those who want more urban lifestyles or prefer working independently rather than in large school systems.

In South Korea, most public school placements are handled through government programs like EPIK, GEPIK, SMOE, and GOE, which streamline the process for foreign teachers and offer standardized contracts, including housing and airfare. These programs place teachers across the country—from big cities like Seoul to small towns—and generally offer more consistent support than Japan’s patchwork of dispatch companies.

The private school scene is dominated by hagwons, South Korea’s after-school academies. These schools hire continuously throughout the year, making them accessible for teachers who want to start quickly. Hagwons typically provide housing, cover flights, and offer solid pay, though schedules can be intense, with evening and weekend hours. The environment is faster-paced and often more business-driven than public schools.

University and international school jobs exist in both countries but are highly competitive. They usually require prior experience, a teaching license, or a master’s degree. That said, the payoff is excellent—lower teaching hours, higher salaries, and long holidays.

Private tutoring is another consideration. In Japan, it’s common and legal, with many teachers picking up students for extra income on the side. In South Korea, however, it’s technically illegal to tutor outside your visa-sponsored job unless you have special permission, although some teachers still do it under the radar.

Key Comparison:

• Japan offers a broader mix of teaching environments with longer hiring timelines
• South Korea provides faster placements and more year-round hiring through hagwons

Salaries and Perks

While pay varies widely depending on your experience and the type of school, both Japan and South Korea offer salaries that allow for a comfortable lifestyle—and in many cases, room to save.

In Japan, public school ALT positions typically offer monthly salaries between ¥230,000–¥300,000 (around $1,570–$2,050 USD). Eikaiwas pay similarly, though some offer bonuses or incremental raises based on performance. International schools and universities offer the highest pay, ranging up to ¥600,000 ($4,100 USD) per month for qualified teachers. However, housing is usually not included, and rent can take up a significant chunk of your budget—especially in cities like Tokyo or Osaka.

In South Korea, salaries tend to be slightly lower on paper, but the benefits make a big difference. Most jobs include free furnished housing, round-trip airfare, and a severance bonus equivalent to one month’s salary at the end of your contract. Public school teachers earn between ₩1.5–3 million KRW ($1,125–$2,250 USD) per month, while hagwon teachers typically make ₩2.1–2.5 million ($1,575–$1,875 USD). International schools and universities offer the highest salaries, sometimes reaching ₩3.5 million ($2,625 USD) or more, especially for experienced educators.

South Korea also has a national pension system, which many teachers can opt into and later withdraw as a lump sum when leaving the country—adding a nice savings bonus. Japan offers this too, but it’s less frequently used by teachers and more complicated to access.

As for time off, Japan tends to offer more vacation days, especially in public schools and universities. South Korean hagwons often provide only 7–10 days of paid vacation per year, while public school teachers get closer to 18–21 days, plus national holidays.

Key Comparison:

• South Korea often includes free housing and reimbursed flights
• Japan tends to pay more in international/university settings, but housing support is less common

Cost of Living

When it comes to day-to-day living costs, both Japan and South Korea offer modern comforts, great infrastructure, and affordable options—especially if you know where to look. But there are some big differences that can impact how much you actually save at the end of each month.

In Japan, the cost of living varies dramatically depending on where you’re based. Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka are among the most expensive cities in Asia, especially for rent. A one-bedroom apartment in central Tokyo can easily cost over ¥100,000–¥180,000 ($700–$1,300 USD) per month, while rural towns might be half that. Utilities, internet, and transport are reasonably priced, and there’s a huge range when it comes to food—grab a fresh bento box for just a few dollars, or splurge on sushi and fine dining. While you can live frugally, you’ll likely need to budget carefully if housing isn’t provided by your employer.

In South Korea, the overall cost of living is a bit lower, and free housing from employers makes a major difference. If your school covers rent, you’ll only need to budget for food, transportation, and extras. Groceries and eating out are affordable—expect to pay around ₩10,000 ($7 USD) for a hearty meal, and less in local eateries. Public transportation is cheap, reliable, and well-connected, especially in Seoul and Busan. Utilities and internet are also slightly cheaper than in Japan, and local SIM cards and mobile data plans are among the most affordable in Asia.

In terms of savings potential, South Korea comes out ahead for most entry-level teachers, simply because your biggest expense—housing—is already covered. In Japan, you may earn more in prestigious schools, but you’ll spend more on rent and other living costs unless you’re placed in a rural area.

Key Comparison:

• South Korea generally offers a better savings-to-cost ratio due to included housing
• Japan has a higher cost of living in cities like Tokyo but more varied regional options

Teaching Environment and Work Culture

The experience inside the classroom can be just as important as what happens outside it—and Japan and South Korea have distinct teaching styles, expectations, and cultural norms that shape your daily routine.

In Japan, if you’re teaching in a public school, you’ll likely be an Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) working alongside a Japanese teacher. Your role is to support lessons, lead activities, and bring energy and creativity into the classroom—not necessarily to control the class. Class sizes can be large, sometimes up to 40 students, and lessons are typically structured around a national curriculum. You'll be expected to show professionalism and respect for hierarchy, but you’ll also have a fair bit of autonomy in lesson planning. Eikaiwas, on the other hand, give teachers more direct teaching responsibility and smaller classes, but the atmosphere is often more businesslike.

In South Korea, teachers—especially in hagwons—are typically the lead instructor in the classroom. You’ll be responsible for managing behavior, delivering lessons, and ensuring student progress. Many schools provide clear syllabi, lesson plans, and textbooks, which can make the job easier, especially for first-time teachers. Classes are generally smaller, ranging from 5 to 15 students, and expectations can be high—parents are paying for results. Public school positions, such as those through EPIK, still involve co-teaching, but with more teacher-led responsibility than in Japan.

Culturally, both countries value punctuality, formality, and hard work, but the atmosphere in schools differs. Japan emphasizes harmony, subtle communication, and mutual respect. Teachers are expected to be team players and avoid standing out too much. South Korea, by contrast, is more fast-paced and results-driven. Feedback is more direct, and schools may expect quicker results and more accountability.

Work hours in both countries are around 30–35 hours per week, but hagwons in Korea often run into the evening, while Japanese schools operate mostly during the day. Japan also tends to offer more prep time and paid holidays, especially in public or university roles.

Key Comparison:

• Japan emphasizes group harmony and assistant-style roles
• South Korea expects stronger classroom leadership but provides clear teaching materials

Daily Life and Lifestyle Fit

Living in Japan or South Korea means being immersed in two of the most advanced, safe, and exciting countries in the world—but the vibe of daily life couldn’t be more different.

In Japan, life feels orderly, clean, and quiet. Cities are incredibly well-organized, public transportation is punctual to the minute, and everything from vending machines to bathrooms is impressively maintained. Healthcare is high-quality and accessible, and even without perfect Japanese, most hospitals in major cities have international services. Food is a highlight—think fresh sushi, ramen, convenience store meals that actually taste good, and regional specialties that change with the seasons. The pace of life is more relaxed in most areas, and the overall atmosphere is respectful and low-key.

South Korea runs at a much faster pace. Cities like Seoul are buzzing 24/7 with nightlife, shopping, and food scenes that rival anywhere in the world. Cafés and restaurants stay open late, and it’s common to meet friends for dinner at 9 p.m. and head to karaoke after. The healthcare system is modern and efficient, with quick service and relatively low costs. Daily conveniences—from speedy internet to cashless payments—make urban life smooth. While rural areas are quieter, most teachers end up in or near big cities, where there’s always something happening.

As for language barriers, both countries are challenging without local language skills, but South Korea tends to have slightly more English signage and expat-friendly services in major cities. Japan offers excellent infrastructure, but outside tourist hubs, English support can be limited.

When it comes to social life and dating, Japan can feel more reserved. Friendships take time to build, and many foreigners find it harder to integrate into local circles. South Korea, on the other hand, is more socially open, and it's often easier to meet locals—whether for friendships or relationships. Both countries have vibrant expat communities, but Korea’s is more centralized and accessible, especially in Seoul and Busan.

Key Comparison:

• Japan offers cleaner cities and a more reserved social culture
• South Korea boasts dynamic city life, faster pace, and stronger nightlife

Language and Cultural Immersion

One of the most rewarding aspects of teaching abroad is diving into a new language and culture—and Japan and South Korea offer two very different paths to immersion.

Japanese is a rich and nuanced language, but it has a steep learning curve due to its use of three writing systems (hiragana, katakana, and kanji). Daily survival Japanese is manageable, and even basic effort goes a long way in building goodwill. That said, achieving fluency can take years. Japanese culture places a high value on etiquette, quiet observation, and indirect communication. You’ll be expected to pick up on subtle cues and social norms, especially in work settings. Foreigners are generally treated with kindness and respect, but it can take time to feel truly integrated.

Korean, by contrast, is more accessible—especially in the beginning. Hangul, the Korean alphabet, is logical and can be learned in a weekend. Basic Korean phrases open up far more conversations and opportunities than you might expect. Korean society is hierarchical, fast-moving, and built on relationships. There’s an emphasis on group identity, and once you’re accepted, you’ll often feel part of a close-knit circle. Teachers who make an effort to speak Korean and engage with local traditions—like shared meals, holidays, or group outings—are often rewarded with strong bonds and a deeper cultural experience.

In terms of travel and exploration, both countries offer incredible domestic adventures. Japan is a dream for train lovers, with scenic routes connecting temples, hot springs, and historic towns. South Korea’s high-speed rail network makes it easy to explore everything from ancient palaces to beach towns, all within a few hours of Seoul.

Key Comparison:

• Japan offers more individual privacy and traditional etiquette
• South Korea provides deeper integration opportunities through community involvement

Long-Term Opportunities and Career Growth

If you're thinking beyond a one-year contract and considering building a future in Asia, both Japan and South Korea offer paths for career growth—but they take different shapes.

In Japan, long-term progression is often tied to your initiative. Many teachers start out as ALTs or eikaiwa instructors, then transition into higher-paying roles at universities, international schools, or even corporate training. It’s not uncommon for teachers to pivot into education management, curriculum development, or even freelance work such as private tutoring or writing. The job market rewards patience and persistence, but you’ll need to navigate Japan’s slow-moving bureaucracy and complex paperwork, especially if you’re aiming for permanent residency or self-employment.

Securing permanent residency in Japan usually requires 5–10 years of continuous residence, depending on your visa type and income level. Fluency in Japanese isn’t a legal requirement, but it becomes increasingly necessary if you plan to integrate fully, apply for top-tier jobs, or open your own business. Some teachers pursue the long-term route by getting married locally or transitioning to non-teaching work after building a network.

In South Korea, the career path is more structured. Many teachers start in hagwons or public schools and, over time, take on senior roles such as head teacher, curriculum coordinator, or branch manager. Promotion tends to happen internally, especially in hagwons with multiple locations. It’s also easier to move up the pay scale by staying with the same employer or switching to more competitive schools. University and international school positions are possible with the right qualifications—often requiring a master’s degree and experience in formal education.

Visa renewals in South Korea are relatively smooth if you maintain employment. While permanent residency is harder to achieve (and often tied to income, investment, or marriage), many long-term expats stay for years by simply renewing their teaching visa or transitioning to an F-series visa through marriage or special programs. Korean language skills can open more doors but aren’t as critical unless you're aiming to leave the education sector.

In short, Japan gives you more freedom to explore different career directions over time—if you’re willing to deal with red tape. South Korea provides clearer ladders to climb, but advancement is often tied to staying within the school system.

Key Comparison:

• Japan allows for more career flexibility but slow bureaucratic processes
• South Korea offers easier visa extensions and more structured advancement within schools

Which Country Is Right for You?

You might thrive in Japan if:

• You’re drawn to quieter cities and cleaner, more organized public spaces
• You appreciate structure, politeness, and indirect communication
• You want to explore traditional culture or aim for long-term university/international school roles

You might thrive in South Korea if:

• You want to start quickly, save money, and receive housing support
• You enjoy dynamic city life, lively social scenes, and modern tech conveniences
• You’re open to group culture and want to build close ties in your workplace or community

Final Thoughts:
Choosing between Japan and South Korea isn’t just about salary or visa rules—it’s about what kind of life you want to build abroad. Japan offers a more structured and tranquil experience, while South Korea is all about energy, speed, and social connection. Both paths can be incredibly rewarding. It just depends on where you feel you’ll grow and thrive.

👉 Explore our full country guides:

• Teach English in Japan
• Teach English in South Korea